Hardware + Software
IoT conecta dispositivos físicos a internet y la nube.
Componentes típicos
| Componente | Función |
|---|---|
| Microcontroller | Arduino, ESP32 |
| Sensores | Temperatura, movimiento |
| Actuadores | LEDs, motores, relays |
| Comunicación | WiFi, MQTT, HTTP |
Arduino básico
// Blink LED
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
MQTT
Protocolo ligero para IoT:
Sensor → Broker MQTT → Tu servidor
↓
Dashboard
ESP32 + MQTT
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup() {
WiFi.begin("SSID", "password");
client.setServer("broker.hivemq.com", 1883);
}
void loop() {
float temp = readTemperature();
client.publish("home/temperature", String(temp).c_str());
delay(5000);
}
Servicios cloud
| Servicio | Uso |
|---|---|
| AWS IoT | Enterprise |
| HiveMQ | MQTT gratis |
| Adafruit IO | Hobby |